Dual-energy contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) for breast cancer screening

Dual-energy contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is a novel imaging modality. It enables anatomical and functional imaging of the breast (1). At CESM two images of each view are obtained, at two energy levels. The first is a low-energy image depicting breast morphology. This image is equivalent to standard 2D mammography. The second image is a subtracted image highlighting areas of contrast uptake that can indicate malignant neovascularization (2).